In order to prevent the side effect, that is, the mice prefer the bottle in a certain position, the water bottle and the bottle of the wine will change the position every day. Through observation and calculation within a period of time, the amount of water in mice and "drinking", the researchers divided the mice to "drink for" group (low alcohol drinking, LAD) and "drink beverages" group (high alcohol drinking, HAD). By analyzing the amount of alcohol consumed in two groups of mice, the researchers found that the alcohol preference of the LAD group was significantly lower than that in the HAD group.
VTA is one of the brain regions that secrete dopamine in the brain. It is closely related to the reward system and addiction. Is there any difference in VTA activity between LAD group and HAD group mice? The researchers analyzed the activity patterns of VTA neurons in two groups of mice. It was found that compared with LAD group, the VTA neuron discharge rate and cluster potential (bursting) frequency of HAD group decreased significantly, that is, the activity of VTA neurons in HAD group was weaker.
Since VTA neurons with high activity are likely to predict lower alcohol dependence, can VTA activity change the drinking behavior of mice? The researchers further applied the method of photo genetics to the VTA neurons of HAD group. It was found that VTA neuron cluster stimulation could reduce the drinking volume of mice, and this decrease could last for 48 hours.
At this point, the researchers hope to further explore why the increased activity of VTA can have such a significant impact on behavior. In the brain, VTA participates in two neural pathways. One is the reward pathway projecting to Nucleus Accumbens (NAc), the other is the cortical pathway projecting to the medial prefrontal lobe (medial prefrontal cortex). The researchers specifically stimulated the VTA neurons projecting to NAc, and found that HAD mice still showed a decrease in alcohol dependence. The behavior lasted for 24 hours, while the specific stimulation of neurons projecting to mPFC did not change the behavior of mice.
為咗防止偏側(cè)效應(yīng)，即小鼠偏好于位于某一位嘅樽，扮水嘅樽同扮酒樽每日會調(diào)換位。通過觀察同計算一段時間內(nèi)小鼠飲水嘅量同“飲酒”嘅量，研究者將小鼠分為咗“小飲怡情”組（low alcohol drinking，LAD）同“大飲傷身”組（high alcohol drinking，HAD）。通過分析兩組小鼠嘅飲酒量，研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)LAD組嘅小鼠嘅酒精偏好程度顯著噉低于HAD組
VTA系大腦中可以分泌多巴胺嘅腦區(qū)之一，與打賞系統(tǒng)同癮現(xiàn)象有密切關(guān)系，咁，LAD組小鼠同HAD組小鼠嘅VTA活動系有差異呢？研究者分析咗兩組小鼠嘅VTA神經(jīng)元活動模式，原來比于LAD組，HAD組小鼠嘅VTA神經(jīng)元放電率、簇狀電位（bursting）頻率等名額均有顯著地下降，即HAD組小鼠嘅VTA神經(jīng)元活動較弱
既然較高活躍度嘅VTA神經(jīng)元好可能預(yù)示住較低嘅酒精靠曬性，如果增加VTA嘅神經(jīng)元活動，可唔可以改變小鼠嘅飲酒行為呢？研究者進(jìn)一步用光遺傳學(xué)嘅方法特異性嘅作用于HAD組小鼠嘅VTA神經(jīng)元，原來給予VTA神經(jīng)元簇狀興奮性刺激可以降低小鼠嘅飲酒量，且呢種降低可以維持得48鐘之耐
至此，研究者希望進(jìn)一步探究點解VTA嘅活躍度增加就可以對行為惹咁顯著嘅影響。喺大腦中，VTA共咗兩條神經(jīng)通路，一條系投射到伏隔（Nucleus Accumbens，NAc）嘅打賞通路，另一條系投射到內(nèi)側(cè)前額葉（medial prefrontal cortex，mPFC）嘅皮層通路。研究者招異性嘅激發(fā)咗投射到NAc嘅VTA神經(jīng)元，原來HAD小鼠仍表現(xiàn)出咗酒精靠曬程度下降嘅行為，且應(yīng)該行為可以持續(xù)24個鐘，而招異性嘅激發(fā)投射到mPFC嘅神經(jīng)元就唔會改變小鼠嘅行為

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