2016年，人類細(xì)胞圖譜計(jì)劃（HumanCell Atlas Project）被提出：根據(jù)*的分子信息（如基因表達(dá)）對所有人類細(xì)胞種類進(jìn)行定義，并將這些信息與傳統(tǒng)的細(xì)胞學(xué)表述（如位置和形態(tài)）相關(guān)聯(lián)，來了解人體中的所有細(xì)胞的類型、每個(gè)細(xì)胞的空間位置、每個(gè)細(xì)胞在不同生命時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)以及不同個(gè)體細(xì)胞圖譜的疊加，并根據(jù)不同健康狀態(tài)、基因型、生活方式和外界環(huán)境加以注釋。

而傳統(tǒng)的單細(xì)胞測序技術(shù)只是對單個(gè)細(xì)胞進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)錄組學(xué)的研究，很難實(shí)現(xiàn)大通量單細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)錄組測序；近年來，單細(xì)胞測序技術(shù)獲得快速發(fā)展，尤其是基于微液滴技術(shù)的大規(guī)模單細(xì)胞分選平臺(tái)的出現(xiàn)，使我們能夠以較低的成本對某一器官或者組織構(gòu)建其細(xì)胞表達(dá)圖譜，了解各個(gè)器官或者組織細(xì)胞復(fù)雜的基因網(wǎng)絡(luò)在單個(gè)細(xì)胞中的運(yùn)作機(jī)制，并了解各個(gè)細(xì)胞中這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)的差異，以及zui終各種細(xì)胞群體如何協(xié)同工作。

2016年2月，10X Genomics公司推出大規(guī)模單細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)錄組測序系統(tǒng)——Chromium™ Single Cell 3' Solution，可以對高通量的數(shù)字基因表達(dá)的復(fù)雜細(xì)胞群進(jìn)行深入分析，生命科學(xué)研究進(jìn)入單細(xì)胞生物學(xué)時(shí)代。

作為國內(nèi)*家引進(jìn)10X Genomics平臺(tái)的公司，博奧晶典*推出了Chromium™ SingleCell 3' Solution平臺(tái)服務(wù)，并完成了人和小鼠的肝臟、肺臟、皮膚、心臟、腦、腎臟、血液，以及植物葉片等多種類型樣本的檢測。

Chromium™ Single Cell 3' Solution是一種在單個(gè)細(xì)胞水平對mRNA進(jìn)行高通量測序的新技術(shù)，為單細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)錄組研究提供更具擴(kuò)展性的平臺(tái)。其基于10X Genomics平臺(tái)，一次性能夠分離500~10000個(gè)單細(xì)胞，并能夠?qū)⒎蛛x的單個(gè)細(xì)胞中的微量mRNA通過高效擴(kuò)增后再進(jìn)行高通量測序，有效地解決了組織樣本無法破解的細(xì)胞異質(zhì)性難題，有助于發(fā)現(xiàn)新的細(xì)胞類型；并基于大量的單細(xì)胞基因表達(dá)數(shù)據(jù)，可進(jìn)行細(xì)胞表達(dá)特征聚類、亞群表達(dá)特征、標(biāo)志物篩選等方面的分析，是一種高效的細(xì)胞基因表達(dá)水平的檢測技術(shù)，在生殖、免疫反應(yīng)、干細(xì)胞發(fā)育與分化、腫瘤異質(zhì)性、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)研究以及腦發(fā)育等研究領(lǐng)域中有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。

The British "nature" magazine recently "why researchers want to Chinese" as the author said, will overtake the us to become the world's largest investment in R & D Chinese in 2019. In the United States, both the Silicon Valley scientists and the postdoctoral graduate students will feel the impact of the development of China's science and technology.

Raymond Stevens, who has established 3 Biotech Corp at the University of Southern California, is now employed as director of a Research Institute at Shanghai University of science and technology. He believes that Chinese will be the next one to develop the most advanced countries, "from the cultural perspective, China attaches great importance to the development of science and technology, like the Americans like sports, I China on progress of science and technology of the curious, I want my 3 children are China life, looking forward to Chinese provide more opportunities for their day the development of". Today, Stevens works half a year in Shanghai.

The article holds that R & D investment is crucial to the stable development of China. At the same time, China's economic growth rate is slowing down, at the same time, it faces double pressures of rising labor costs and reducing labor force. China's strategy is to invest in funds to support the new format. By the end of 2016, business incubators all over China helped to set up more than 22 million start-ups. According to the McKinsey Co analysis, by 2025, the contribution rate of innovation to China's GDP will be as high as 50%. From designing new semiconductor, chemical products to the daily application of AI, China will rely on its expanding scientists and entrepreneurs to develop new products and put them on the market quickly.

All parts of China are building advanced research and development facilities and increasing the funding for scientific research in Colleges and universities. Investment in human capital is the key to promoting innovation. China is energetically increasing the number of R & D personnel, increasing the number of R & D personnel from 48.5 current 10000 employees to 60.

Although China is still behind the West in some areas of innovation, China's efforts have been fruitful. According to the report of the 2017 global innovation index, China has exceeded Australia in the field of innovation, and the global ranking of innovation has risen to twenty-second. Perhaps more convincing is that in 2016, Chinese college students willing to open their own companies doubled over 2015.

Coincidentally, the American think-tank, the international economic research Pedersen, prior to the "Chinese dragon", "innovation the author said, since the reform and opening up in 1978, Chinese made a hitherto unknown achievement. China's annual average growth rate of 10% is 10%, changing the global trade pattern and becoming the second largest economy in the world. Now, China is facing unprecedented opportunities, that is, to become the "leader of the world" innovation.

The article holds that the foundation of the great changes in China is the unprecedented prosperity of the manufacturing industry. In 2016, China exported more than $2 trillion to all parts of the world, accounting for 13% of the world's total exports. At the same time, China has also promoted economic modernization through large-scale infrastructure investment, including bridges, airports, roads, energy and ecommunications. In less than 10 years, China has built the world's largest high-speed railway system. As of July 2017, the total mileage of China's high speed rail was over 22 thousand kilometers.

Apple Corp CEO Tim Cook recently said: "Chinese is no longer a state that low labor costs for many years ago, cheap labor is the cause of transnational enterprises in china." China's manufacturing forces are now developing high-end production technology and a powerful supply chain network. At the national level, China's planning has established the goal of making China an innovative country by 2020, entering the forefront of innovative countries by 2030, and becoming a "world technological innovation power" by 2050. China is also planning to increase R & D expenditure to 2.5% of GDP.

At the local level, in order to promote innovation, many Chinese municipal governments have set up scientific and technological centers to attract talents. For example, the city of Guangzhou encourages researchers, entrepreneurs and enterprises to settle in the local area. Shenzhen is known as "hardware Silicon Valley", and Shenzhen - Hongkong area has ranked second in the world from the perspective of global innovation cluster development. At the folk level, the business model of Chinese enterprises has changed rapidly and accepted the digital model in an all-round way. Because of the absence of the old system, China has been able to achieve a "curve overtaking" in the fields of digital payment, sharing of economy and e-commerce.

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